Thursday, February 10, 2011

ALAMATTI BACK WATER CURVE AT 524.26METERS WITH 50000 IDF

ALAMATTI DAM BACK WATER CURVE CALCULATIONS
Basics of Back water curve for rivers see the following website:
http://evidence.environment-agency.gov.uk/FCERM/en/FluvialDesignGuide/Chapter7.aspx?pagenum=4 
 TOUGH TASK FOR LAND AQISITION FOR INCREASED HEIGHT OF ALAMATTI DAM
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Tribunal-award-govt-has-tough-task-at-hand/articleshow/7198496.cms






Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur Districts  are bound to get flooded by increased Alamatti Dam. Why?
In Satara District,Sahyadari range  is having a height over 4500 feet above mean sea level to the subdued basin of Nira river in Phaltan tahasil, with an average height of about 1700 feet above mean sea level. 
http://www.indianetzone.com/46/geography_satara_district.htm
http://www.wseas.us/e-library/transactions/fluid/2010/42-581.pdf  [SURAT  in floods]
TO LEARN BASICS ABOUT BACK WATER CURVE CALCULATIONS ,see  following web site:
http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/hyd/hyd.pdf
Please study the pages in Chapters 6 and 7 of this  Manual available online from Texas Government,USA
and also the sketches and Diagrams furnished on this web site by the authors

WHY CWC IS NOT GIVING  DATA ON ALAMATTI BACK WATER CURVE AND DAMBRERAK ANALYSIS?
see website:http://www.asianage.com/india/cwc-cic-draw-swords-over-info-979

No guidelines on studying backwater impact of dams: CWC

New Delhi, Feb 15 (PTI) The Central Water Commission has said it has no "principles or guidelines" for conducting study on the assessment of backwater flooding of dams and hydroelectric projects in the country.
Responding to the query of an RTI applicant who sought to know from the Commission the basis on which such studies are done in the country, the Commission said no such principles or guidelines are available with them.
It said the Commission''s role is confined to
the computation of backwater levels for specified projects for their given flood water maps.
Backwater studies are important because they bring out possible impact of reservoir on the areas close to upstream which may be flooded because of the construction.
The Commission also refused to share the data about the impact of the controversial Almatti reservoir on the backwater area which was overruled by the Central Information Commission. The transparency panel held that larger public interest would be served in the disclosure of the data and hence it should be provided to the applicant.
In addition to seeking details of principles and guidelines governing the backwater studies, applicant Swarup Bhattacharya had also sought from the CWC a
copy of the backwater impact study on the Almatti Dam.
The CWC refused to share information saying it is a commercial document, hence exempted from disclosure under the Right to Information Act.
During the appeal before the CIC, the CWC said since the study was done by them for the Karnataka Government based on data provided by them, the information cannot be disclosed.
"The Commission is also of the view that the sought information is now held by the CWC, since it is a part of the study conducted by the CWC. The data has now become a part of the report of the CWC since it is part of the study...
irrespective of who had supplied it," Information Commissioner Sushma Singh held.
She said the disclosure of the information was in public interest and it should be disclosed.
In a ruling in December last year, the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT) had allowed Karnataka, where the dam is being built, to increase the height of reservoir by five metres.
The increase in dam height has sparked concerns as people living in the 320 villages of backwater area of Kolhapur and Sangli district of Maharashtra feared that there it will result in flooding in their area.

 Maharashtrra CM offers Karnataka talks to end Dispute on Alamatti Dam and also Belgaum row :
 TIMES NEWS NETWORK 
 Belgaum:15,Feb.2011: Maharashtra chief minister Prithviraj  Chavan on Sunday [13-2-2011]offered to hold bilateral talks with Karnataka to resolve the 61-year-old Belgaum border dispute involving the two states
 He also said hed seek a review of the recent Krishna Water Disputes Tribunals verdict that allows
 Karnataka to raise the height of the Almatti dam from 519 metre to 524.6 metre.Chavan said,
 There is no need to increase the dam height if we manage the water scientifically, he said.
 He said raising the height is a great threat to villages in the catchment area in Maharashtra.

WHY KARNATAKA STATE IS HELPLESS IN PREVENTING FLOODING OF SANGLI DISTRICT
Irrigation experts told Frontline that both States, especially Maharashtra (by virtue of being the upper riparian), probably stored waters in their dams far in excess of the necessary storage level before the onset of the monsoon. They probably did not wait to build up storage levels slowly as the monsoon progressed fearing the level would come down if the monsoon failed. But with excess rains in the catchment areas in Maharashtra, the States were forced to release water from their dams, which had reached their full reservoir levels (FRLs) thereby aggravating the flood situation.
Even as the people are reeling under the impact of the floods, Maharashtra and Karnataka indulged in a dispute over the release of the Krishna waters. Maharashtra has accused Karnataka of not fulfilling its obligation to release adequate quantities of the Krishna waters from the Almatti dam so that the flood situation and the backwater effect in its inundated southern districts could be brought under control. It even got Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to intervene in the matter.
Karnataka has refused to release 6 lakh cusecs of water from the Almatti dam that Maharashtra has been demanding. On August 5, Karnataka released 4.20 lakh cu against an inflow of 3.57 lakh cu, reducing the water level in the dam to 516.4 metres, as against the FRL of 519.6 m.
Karnataka Chief Minster N. Dharam Singh said the release of 6 lakh cu would inundate 600 villages in Karnataka. But with Maharashtra increasing the outflow from its upstream Koyna dam (3.96 lakh cu was released on August 6) steadily, Karnataka, according to engineers at the Almatti dam site, will also have to increase gradually the outflow to 5 lakh cu. The water discharges from the Almatti dam have already affected over 60 villages in Hungund and Muddebihal taluks of Bagalkot and Bijapur districts.
According to the Water Resources Minister M. Mallikarjun Kharge, Maharashtra was needlessly creating a controversy over the discharge of water from Almatti. His contention is that the villages in Sangli and Kolhapur could not have been affected by the backwaters of the Almatti as they are located at a height of 538 metres above sea level. After all, floods had ravaged villages in both districts in 1964 and 1976, before the dam was constructed. He also claimed that in 2002-03 and 2004, when the dam had reached full storage level, no village in Maharashtra was submerged. Irrigation experts also point out that a joint survey by engineers from both States, which was later cleared by the Central Water Commission (CWC), stated that villages upstream up to and beyond Sangli would not be flooded even when the water level at the Almatti dam reached 524.256 m..See the following article on "DEVASTATION AND DISPUTE" in FRONTLINE  MAGAZINE,Chennai   
KARNATATAKA MINISTER,KHARGE IS MISLEADING ON FLOODING OF SANGLI, KOLHAPUR  AND SATARA REGIONS
The variation in relief ranges from the pinnacles and high plateaus of the main Sahyadari range having a height over 4500 feet above mean sea level to the subdued basin of the Nira river in Phaltan tahasil, with an average height of about 1700 feet above mean sea level.
http://www.indianetzone.com/46/geography_satara_district.htm
http://tshivajirao.blogspot.com/2011/01/almathi-dam-hazardous.html

https://sites.google.com/site/ayyagaribhujangarao/backwateraffluxtheory
7) E-mail letter sent to Prof.T.Shivaji Rao by the Secretary for Industry, Government of Maharashtra on 22-2-2011 as an acknowledgement
 Subject: Avoid Flood havoc of hundreds of Telangana villagesdue to dam break consequent to rising the height of Alamatti dam to 524.5m
 To: shivajirao32@hotmail.com
 From: sec_industry@maharashtra.gov.in
 Date: Tue, 22 Feb 2011 21:33:59 -1200
----- Forwarded by Industry Secretary/IE&LD/Mantralaya/Maharashtra on 02/22/2011 09:37 PM ---
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6) Prof.T.Shivaji Rao's letter on dam break possibility due to increasisng the height of Alamatti dam was referred to Secretary for Irrigation of Mahrasthra for necessary action
 Industry  Secretary To: sec_irr@maharashtra.gov.in
 cc: Chief Minister/Ministers/Maharashtra@Maharashtra
 02/22/2011 09:32 Subject: Avoid Flood havoc of hundreds of Telangana villagesdue to dam break
 PM consequent to rising the height of Alamatti dam to 524.5m
 Email dated 18/2/2011 from Shri Shivaji Rao received through PRO to CM is
 forwarded herewith for necessary action.
 -A.M.Khan  P.S.(Ind)
 ----- Forwarded by Industry Secretary/IE&LD/Mantralaya/Maharashtra on  02/22/2011 09:34 PM ---
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Another E-mail sent by Prof.T.shivaji rao to the Chief Minister of Maharashtra  on dam break analysis of Alamatti dam and this letter was forwarded by the Chief Minister to the Secretary for Industries, Government of Maharashtra for necessary action
Chief Minister
 To: Industry Secretary/IE&LD/Mantralaya/Maharashtra@Maharashtra
 02/22/2011 12:30 cc:
 AM Subject: Avoid Flood havoc of hundreds of Telangana villagesdue to dam break
 consequent to rising the height of Alamatti dam to 524.5m
 Sir,
 Forwarding you a letter received by Hon.CM for necessary action
 PRO to CM
 ----- Forwarded by Chief Minister/Ministers/Maharashtra on 02/22/2011 06:21 PM -----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Another e-mail letter to Secretary for industries, Governsment of Maharashtra by Prof.t.Shivaji Rao who quoted the news item published in Asia age on the subject of non-supply of reports made by central Water Commission on backwater levels impact on Maharashtra villages likely to be submerged due to increase in the height of the Alamatti dam.
 shivaji Rao  , Pattena
 mail.com> , pattenna , Shivaji
 Rao , "CM,maharashtra"
 02/18/2011 08:20 cc: , Jayant ,
 PM "Cm,AP"
 Subject: Avoid Flood havoc of hundreds of Telangana villagesdue to dam break
 consequent to rising the height of Alamatti dam to 524.5m
 To,
 The principal secretary for Industries, Government of Maharashtra, MUMBAI.
 Sir,
 SUBJECT:Improper decision by Brijesh kumar Tribunal on incresing the Height of Alamatti Dam due to insufficient scxientific and technical reports supplied by all state Governments on Back water curves and Dam break analysis and copiexs of the same as computed wdere sent to you. But to-day,the News paper ":ASIAN AGE "has published a good News item that under RTI act,CWC is ordered to supply these reports on Baxck water Curves and DamBreak Analysis as made by Central water commission and unless we examine these reports,we cannot say whether they are based on proper scientific data to afrrive at proper conclusions.In the absence of these crucial rweports,the senior Advocates employed by Maharashtra would not have bveen in a position to establish the injury likely to occur to millions of people in West maharashtra due to back water afflux and to millions of farmers in karnataka and andhra fpradesh due to apossible dam burst as anticiapted by experts of karnataka in October,2000.
 see the web site of ASIAN AGE :
 http://www.asianage.com/india/cwc-cic-draw-swords-over-info-979
 kindly request the concerned reporters of ASIANAGE who may be able to get copies of the relevant repoerts made by CWC on Alamatti Dam to ask the Krishna Tribunal to review the orders passed o n increasing the Height of  Alamatti dam.
 Prof.T.Shivaji Rao
 Director, Center for Environmental Studies, GITAM University,and
 Expert Member,cloud seeding project of Government of Andhra
 pradesh,Hyderabad[A.P.] Visakhapatnam-530 045 INDIA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Industry Secretary for Maharashtra forwarded Prof.T.Shivaji Rao's letter on Alamatti dam to the Secretary for Irrigation, Government of Maharashtra for appropriate action and reply under copies marked to Prof.T.Shivaji Rao and also the Chief Minister of Maharashtra
 Subject: Avoid Flood havoc of hundreds of Telangana villagesdue to dam
 break consequent to rising the height of Alamatti dam to 524.5m
 To: sec_irr@maharashtra.gov.in
 CC: chiefminister@maharashtra.gov.in; shivajirao32@hotmail.com
 From: sec_industry@maharashtra.gov.in
 Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 13:23:01 +0530
 E-mail dated 12.2.11 from Prof.Shivaji Rao received through PRO to CM is
 forwarded herewith for appropriate action and reply.
 A.M. Khan
 Principal Secretary (Industries)
 ----- Forwarded by Industry Secretary/IE&LD/Mantralaya/Maharashtra on
 02/18/2011 01:19 PM -----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Chief Minister of Maharashtra forwarded Prof.T.Shiaji Rao's e-mail to the Secretary for Industry ,Government of Maharashtra for taking necessary action
 Chief Minister
To: Industry Secretary/IE&LD/Mantralaya/Maharashtra@Maharashtra
 02/15/2011 03:45 cc:
 PM Subject: Avoid Flood havoc of hundreds of Telangana villagesdue to dam
 break  consequent to rising the height of Alamatti dam to 524.5m
Sir,
 Forwarding you a letter received by Hon.CM for necessary action
PRO to CM
----- Forwarded by Chief Minister/Ministers/Maharashtra on 02/15/201104:05  PM -----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. E-mail letter from Prof.T.Shivaji Rao, to the Chief Minister of Maharashtra on "Avoiding Flood havoc due to Alamatti dam"
 shivaji Rao
,
 "CM,maharashtra"mail.com> , Jayant
min_rdd@maharashtra.gov.in>, RRpatil , , drsd
cc: , ,
 ,PM Rameshkumar , Maharashtra, "prasad,BBS" ,
02/12/2011 05:35
Subject: Avoid Flood havoc of hundreds of Telangana villagesdue to dambreak
consequent to rising the height of Alamatti dam to 524.5m

DATA USED BY INDEPENDENT EXPERTS FOR CALCULATING BACK WATER LEVELS FOR ALAMATTI DAM

Roughness Coefficients (Manning’s “n”) for Overland Flow
Surface Description
n
Dense Growth
0.4 - 0.5
Pasture
0.3 - 0.4
Lawns
0.2 - 0.3
Bluegrass Sod
0.2 - 0.5
Short Grass Prairie
0.1 - 0.2
Sparse Vegetation
0.05 - 0.1
Bare Clay-Loam Soil (eroded)
0.01 - 0.0
Concrete/Asphalt - very shallow depths
(less than ¼ inch)
- small depths  (1/4 inch to several inches)

0.10 - 0.1
0.05 - 0.1
Roughness Coefficients (Manning’s “n”) for Channel and Pipe Flow                 
Reach  Description
n
Natural stream, clean, straight, no rifts or pools
0.03
Natural stream, clean, winding, some pools or shoals
0.04
Natural stream, winding, pools, shoals, stoney with some weeds
0.05
Natural stream, sluggish deep pools and weeds
0.07
Natural stream or swale, very weedy or with timber underbrush
0.10
Concrete pipe, culvert or channel
0.013
Corrugated metal pipe
0.012 – 0.024*
Spiral rib metal pipe
0.012
Corrugated polyethylene pipe
0.020
Smooth-lined corrugated polyethylene pipe
0.012
* Based on pipe diameter and manufacturer’s design specifications

According to the international Irrigation expert Dr.Lempererie, Chairman of ICOLD committee for France, the extreme flood is calculated by the formula S>3000Km2, Q=10,000(S/300)0.4 as published in his paper under the website:
The extreme Probable Maximum Flood for Alamatti dam with a catchment area of 35,200 sq.km works out to 67,300 cumecs.  However we opted to use 50,000 cumecs as PMF  value for calculating the backwater curve for Alamatti Dam by using Mannings coefficient of 0.05


According to table-6 in the website the PMF in cumecs could be 2 to 3 times the catchment area measured in sq.km as in the case of Gandhi Sagar catchment area on Chambal river in Madhya Pradesh.  Hence the peak flood assumed by the CWC for Alamati dam is an underestimate and the backwater calculations are also under estimated and hence the engineers of the Karnataka and Maharashtra state are completely mislead on the issue of submersion of Sangli and Kolhapur areas due to backwater impacts of Alamatti dam.



DISTANCES OF VARIOUS STATIONS ALONG KRISHNA RIVER FROM ALAMATTI TO SANGLI (Approximate values as per Tourist Maps and Google Earth)
Station                              
Distance (in Km)
Cumulative Distance (in Km)
Alamatti dam
0
0
National Highway 218
24
24
NH 218 to Reservoir Approach
24
48
Res Appr to Algor
40
88
Algor to Hippargi
28
116
Hippargi to Halyal-Darur
25
141
Halyal to Kuduchi
26
167
Kuduchi to Diggarwadi
13
180
Diggarwadi to Shahapur (Jugal)
25
205
Shahapur to Narsobawadi
10
215
Narsobavadi to Ankali
25
240
Ankali to Sangli
10
250


ALMATTI Back water profile Calculations 15-01-2011 (for n=0.05, 50,000 cumecs, 524.25 m  stage near Alamatti dam widths 1500 m)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Station
No. Trail
Elv. BL
depth,m
Elv.stage
Width
Area
Discharge
Velocity
Vel.Head
Total H
R
Sf term1
Sf term2
Sf
ALMATTI
0
489
35.25
524.25
1500
52875
50000
0.945626
0.045576
524.2956
33.66762
6250000
3.00395E+11
2.08059E-05
A to NH218-1
1
491
34
525
1500
51000
50000
0.980392
0.048989
525.049
32.52551
6250000
2.66931E+11
2.34143E-05
A to NH218-2
2
491
34.08373
525.0837
1500
51125.6
50000
0.977984
0.048749
525.1325
32.60213
6250000
2.69088E+11
2.32266E-05
NH218
3
491
34.08388
525.0839
1500
51125.82
50000
0.977979
0.048748
525.1326
32.60226
6250000
2.69092E+11
2.32263E-05
N to Res Approach
1
494
31.13
525.13
1500
46695
50000
1.070778
0.058439
525.1884
29.88939
6250000
1.99976E+11
3.12537E-05
N to Res Approach
2
494
32.2211
526.2211
1500
48331.66
50000
1.034519
0.054548
526.2757
30.89386
6250000
2.23869E+11
2.79182E-05
A Res approach
3
494
32.2292
526.2292
1500
48343.8
50000
1.034259
0.05452
526.2837
30.9013
6250000
2.24053E+11
2.78952E-05
Res App to Algur
1
498
28.28
526.28
1500
42420
50000
1.178689
0.070811
526.3508
27.2524
6250000
1.45959E+11
4.28204E-05
Res App to Algur
2
498
28.80907
526.8091
1500
43213.61
50000
1.157043
0.068234
526.8773
27.74339
6250000
1.55111E+11
4.02937E-05
Res App to Algur
3
498
30.36917
528.3692
1500
45553.76
50000
1.097604
0.061403
528.4306
29.18732
6250000
1.84398E+11
3.3894E-05
Algur
4
498
30.39464
528.3946
1500
45591.96
50000
1.096685
0.061301
528.4559
29.21084
6250000
1.84906E+11
3.3801E-05
Al to Hippargi
1
508
20.45
528.45
1500
30675
50000
1.629992
0.135417
528.5854
19.9072
6250000
50263485051
0.000124345
Al to Hippargi
2
508
21.25591
529.2559
1500
31883.87
50000
1.568191
0.125343
529.3813
20.6701
6250000
57088356248
0.000109479
Al to Hippargi
3
508
24.15233
532.1523
1500
36228.49
50000
1.380129
0.097082
532.2494
23.39881
6250000
86921708758
7.19038E-05
Hippargi
4
508
24.35977
532.3598
1500
36539.66
50000
1.368376
0.095436
532.4552
23.59347
6250000
89400931672
6.99098E-05
Hi to Halyal
1
513
19.45
532.45
1500
29175
50000
1.713796
0.149699
532.5997
18.95835
6250000
42608510058
0.000146684
Hi to Halyal
2
513
20.39352
533.3935
1500
30590.28
50000
1.634506
0.136168
533.5297
19.85367
6250000
49807547782
0.000125483
Hi to Halyal
3
513
23.60218
536.6022
1500
35403.28
50000
1.412299
0.101661
536.7038
22.88209
6250000
80577954558
7.75646E-05
Halyal
4
513
23.90094
536.9009
1500
35851.42
50000
1.394645
0.099135
537.0001
23.16279
6250000
83981691905
7.4421E-05
Ha to Kudichi
1
514
23
537
1500
34500
50000
1.449275
0.107054
537.1071
22.31565
6250000
74009754815
8.44483E-05
Ha to Kudichi
2
514
23.17221
537.1722
1500
34758.32
50000
1.438504
0.105469
537.2777
22.47774
6250000
75848762119
8.24008E-05
Ha to Kudichi
3
514
25.79436
539.7944
1500
38691.54
50000
1.292272
0.085116
539.8795
24.93672
6250000
1.07902E+11
5.79231E-05
Kudichi
4
514
25.91604
539.916
1500
38874.06
50000
1.286205
0.084318
540.0004
25.05043
6250000
1.09583E+11
5.70343E-05
Ku to Diggerwadi
1
515
25
540
1500
37500
50000
1.333333
0.09061
540.0906
24.19355
6250000
97360537527
6.41944E-05
Ku to Diggerwadi
2
515
23.96622
538.9662
1500
35949.34
50000
1.390846
0.098596
539.0648
23.2241
6250000
84738443941
7.37564E-05
Old Diggerwadi
3
515
26.56713
541.5671
1500
39850.69
50000
1.254683
0.080236
541.6474
25.65824
6250000
1.18889E+11
5.25698E-05
Odigg to Shaharpur
1
518
23.64
541.64
1500
35460
50000
1.410039
0.101336
541.7413
22.91764
6250000
81003413824
7.71572E-05
Odigg to Shaharpur
2
518
24.12187
542.1219
1500
36182.81
50000
1.381872
0.097328
542.2192
23.37023
6250000
86561791659
7.22028E-05
Odigg to Shaharpur
3
518
26.00185
544.0018
1500
39002.77
50000
1.28196
0.083763
544.0856
25.13059
6250000
1.1078E+11
5.64182E-05
Odigg to Shaharpur
4
518
26.05093
544.0509
1500
39076.4
50000
1.279545
0.083447
544.1344
25.17644
6250000
1.11468E+11
5.60697E-05
Odigg to Shaharpur
5
518
26.39745
544.3975
1500
39596.18
50000
1.262748
0.081271
544.4787
25.49994
6250000
1.16414E+11
5.36879E-05
Odigg to Shaharpur
6
518
27.81729
545.8173
1500
41725.94
50000
1.198295
0.073186
545.8905
26.82245
6250000
1.38266E+11
4.52027E-05
Shaharpur
7
518
28.1521
546.1521
1500
42228.15
50000
1.184044
0.071456
546.2236
27.13361
6250000
1.43803E+11
4.34621E-05
Shr to Narsobawadi
1
520
26.22
546.22
1500
39330
50000
1.271294
0.082375
546.3024
25.33431
6250000
1.13863E+11
5.48907E-05
Shr to Narsobawadi
2
520
25.28054
545.2805
1500
37920.81
50000
1.318537
0.088611
545.3691
24.45618
6250000
1.00998E+11
6.18825E-05
Narsobawadi
3
520
27.28208
547.2821
1500
40923.12
50000
1.221803
0.076086
547.3582
26.3245
6250000
1.29723E+11
4.81797E-05
Nar to Ankali
1
525
22.35
547.35
1500
33525
50000
1.491424
0.113371
547.4634
21.70324
6250000
67346548672
9.28036E-05
Nar to Ankali
2
525
23.8858
548.8858
1500
35828.7
50000
1.395529
0.099261
548.9851
23.14857
6250000
83806770070
7.45763E-05
Ankali
3
525
25.8827
550.8827
1500
38824.04
50000
1.287862
0.084536
550.9672
25.01927
6250000
1.09121E+11
5.72761E-05
Ank to Sangli
1
528
22.96
550.96
1500
34440
50000
1.4518
0.107427
551.0674
22.278
6250000
73587073961
8.49334E-05
Ank to Sangli
2
528
21.14007
549.1401
1500
31710.11
50000
1.576784
0.12672
549.2668
20.56054
6250000
56070098083
0.000111468
Sangli
3
528
24.25576
552.2558
1500
36383.65
50000
1.374244
0.096256
552.352
23.49588
6250000
88151855212
7.09004E-05















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Born in 1932 at Mudinepalli, near Gudivada, Krishna Dist. Andhra Pradesh, received Bachelors degree in Civil Engg., from Viswesaraiah Engineering College, Banglore (1956) and Masters Degree in Environmental Engineering from Rice university, Houston, Texas, (USA) (1962), Ph.D (Hony). Former Head of the Department of Civil Engineering and principal of College of Engineering, Andhra university.Formerly Hony.Professor in Andhra University,Manonmanian Sundarnar University,JNT University. Fellow of the Institution of Engineers,India Recipient of the University Grants Commissions National Award "Swami Pranavananda Award on Ecology and Environmental Sciences" for the year 1991. Recipient of Sivananda Eminent Citizen Award for 2002 by Sanathana Dharma Charitable Trust, Andhra Pradesh state. Presently Working as Director, centre for Environmental Studies, GITAM University, http://www.geocities.com/prof_shivajirao/resume.html http://www.eoearth.org/contributor/Shivaji.rao