Sunday, February 27, 2011

WHY SANGLI & KOLHAPUR WILL BE FLOODED BY ALAMATTI DAM ?

ALAMATTI  BACK -WATER  CURVE  AT 524.25 METERS

Prof.T.Shivaji Rao,
Director,Center for environmental studies,
Gitam University, Visakhapatnam
Prof.M.Ramesh,
Head of the Department of Civil Engineering,
Gitam University,Visakhapatnam,
KARNATAKA WANTS MORE WATER TO RAISE ALAMATTI DAM TO 528.3 M.

To understand basics of backwater curves caused by dams  see the following websites:
http://evidence.environment-agency.gov.uk/FCERM/en/FluvialDesignGuide/Chapter7.aspx?pagenum=4
 http://bhujangam.blogspot.com/2011/02/back-water-afflux-theory.html
Satara,sangli and Kolhapur Districts  are bound to get devastated by extreme floods due to increased height of Alamatti Dam. Why?
According to the presentations made by Maharashtra Government before the Brijesh Kumar Tribunal Back water affects were considered from the angle of sedimentation and hence the impacts were considered negligible and the tribunal was not furnished with the Scientific Data on Back Water Levels caused by karnataka putting a huge obstructionof a bout a 100 ft.wall in the natural flood flow path of krishna river   in the form of Alamatti Dam which is going to be increased by more than 16 to 30 feet in the next one to two yerrs even though the floods of August 2005 caused serious losses to sangli region due to the Alamatti Dam as can be proved by presenting the Back water Levels caused by Alamatti dam as shown the table below.
http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/21/stories/2011022161870600.htm 
http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/04/stories/2005090404600400.htm 
Karnataka wants to store175 TMC at Alamatti dam along with another 38TMC at Narayanpur,totalling 213 TMC so that utilisation of krishna water can be  raised to 320 TMC from Upper Krishna project only.
kARNATAKA WANTS TO GO TO SUPREME cOURT TO RAISE DAM HEIGHT TO 528.8 Meters 
see web site:      http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/node/3489?quicktabs_2=1
http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/dna-daily-news-analysis-mumbai/mi_8111/is_20110101/decision-almatti-dams-height-raises/ai_n56583279/#comments   [DNA paper on about 300 villages on river banks]
Irrigation experts also point out that a joint survey by engineers from both States, which was later cleared by the Central Water Commission (CWC), stated that villages upstream up to and beyond Sangli would not be flooded even when the water level at the Almatti dam reached 524.256 m. 
.See the following article on "DEVASTATION AND DISPUTE" in FRONTLINE  MAGAZINE,Chennai
Maharashtra Officials,Engineers and Advocates were presented with Tabulated Data on the Back Water Levels calculated by Andhra Pradesh for Orissa and Madhya pradesh [Now,Chattisgarh]border areas to estimate the submersion levels at  KONTA /MOTU and submitted to the Bachawat Tribunal in 1979 and they were discussed by all the states including the Government of India.As per paragraph 105 of the Bachawat Tribunal Report,With the Polavaram Dam FRL at 150 feet,the rise in back water afflux was estimated at KONTA,about 100km.upstream was estimated to rise by about 20 feet for a peak flood of 30lakhs cusecs and by about 25 feet at a peak flood of 36 lakhs cusecs.and it was later expected to rise by more than 30  feet due to peak flood of 50 lakhs cusecs unilaterally changed by CWC in September,2006.
With this experience at Polavaram and other Dams,Maharashtra should have presented Scientific Data on Back water calculations for an increase of about 25 to 30 meters at Sangli due to different heights of Alamatti Dam from 519.6 m to 524.26 m instead of misleading the Krishna Water Tribunal to take wrong decisions. even when the Tribunal specifically Questioned Maharashtra to give evidence to to prove the injury to Maharashtra by increasing the height of Alamatti dam to 524.26 meters.Maharashtra presented confusing arguments by asking for restraining Alamatti height to512.2m.on page 610 and to 518 m on page 609 of the Tribunal Report  for the reason that additional height will cause inundation of Maharashtra territory since the ground level at the border between karnataka and Maharashtra is at 518 meters above the mean sea level.
Such confusing arguments before the Tribunal by Maharashtra created a poor impression with the result that the interests of the farmers and other people of west Maharashtra were sacrificed by the State Government
Technical Data.
The Technical data from the Rapid Environmental Impact assessment [EIA] Report  on Alamatti Dam power house .
Catchment Area at Alamatti : 35,300 Sq.km 
Catchment Area at Narayanpur : 47,850 Sq.km
, Maximum Flood Discharge : 31,007 Cubic meters per second 
.The  Type of Dam is a Composite Masonry Dam:
Earthen Dam,with Length of the Dam  405 meters 
Spill way,486.5 meters  
Power Dam section :156 meters
Moreover the  intellectuals ,social activists and politicians and mass media of and NGO organisations are not following the foot steps of the Great patriots like B.G.Tilak who worked for public welfare G.K.Gokhle whobelieved in human dignity and believed in serving the Society,by serving the cause of the poor. 
The Peo[ple of Maharashtra must demand for a public hearing in western Maharashtra region on the Environmental Impact Reports[EIA] prepared for sanction of environmental clearence for the Existing Alamatti Dam as its construction will affect the people and their properties by causing submersion of their lands in Sangli and Kolhapur districts.Perhaps without such a public hearing  conducted  in Maharashtra on Alamatti Dam, if the Union ministry of Environment and Forests gave  erroneously such clearence to Alamatti Dam it should be got revoked by questioning it in the High Court as was done by the people of Orissa in filing a public interest litigation[PIL] Case against Polavaram Dam in Orissa High Court in March 2006 when the Court ordered that by construction of Polavaram Dam no lands in orissa should be allowed to be  sumerged and no displacement of people.
If Maharashtra Non-Governmental Organisations and social activists are not alert and coming forward ifor taking up such serious public causes,the innocent people of west Maharashtra are bound to suffer as they did in 2005.

WHY KARNATAKA STATE IS HELPLESS IN PREVENTING FLOODING OF SANGLI  AND  KOLHAPUR DISTRICTS ?
Irrigation experts told Frontline that both States, especially Maharashtra (by virtue of being the upper riparian), probably stored waters in their dams far in excess of the necessary storage level before the onset of the monsoon. They probably did not wait to build up storage levels slowly as the monsoon progressed fearing the level would come down if the monsoon failed. But with excess rains in the catchment areas in Maharashtra, the States were forced to release water from their dams, which had reached their full reservoir levels (FRLs) thereby aggravating the flood situation.
Even as the people are reeling under the impact of the floods, Maharashtra and Karnataka indulged in a dispute over the release of the Krishna waters. Maharashtra has accused Karnataka of not fulfilling its obligation to release adequate quantities of the Krishna waters from the Almatti dam so that the flood situation and the backwater effect in its inundated southern districts could be brought under control. It even got Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to intervene in the matter.
Karnataka has refused to release 6 lakh cusecs of water from the Almatti dam that Maharashtra has been demanding. On August 5, Karnataka released 4.20 lakh cu against an inflow of 3.57 lakh cu, reducing the water level in the dam to 516.4 metres, as against the FRL of 519.6 m.
Karnataka Chief Minster N. Dharam Singh said the release of 6 lakh cu would inundate 600 villages in Karnataka. But with Maharashtra increasing the outflow from its upstream Koyna dam (3.96 lakh cu was released on August 6) steadily, Karnataka, according to engineers at the Almatti dam site, will also have to increase gradually the outflow to 5 lakh cu. The water discharges from the Almatti dam have already affected over 60 villages in Hungund and Muddebihal taluks of Bagalkot and Bijapur districts.
According to the Water Resources Minister M. Mallikarjun Kharge, Maharashtra was needlessly creating a controversy over the discharge of water from Almatti. His contention is that the villages in Sangli and Kolhapur could not have been affected by the backwaters of the Almatti as they are located at a height of 538 metres above sea level. After all, floods had ravaged villages in both districts in 1964 and 1976, before the dam was constructed.He also claimed that in 2002-03 and 2004, when the dam had reached full storage level, no village in Maharashtra was submerged.
HOW  EXPERTS OF CWC AND STATES WITHOUT WORKING GIVE WRONG OPINIONS ?
Irrigation experts also point out that a joint survey by engineers from both States, which was later cleared by the Central Water Commission (CWC), stated that villages upstream up to and beyond Sangli would not be flooded even when the water level at the Almatti dam reached 524.256 m. 
see web site:  
REPLIES TO MISLEADING STATEMENT OF KARNATAKA MINISTER ON THE SUBMERSION  OF LANDS IN MAHARASHTRA DUE TO MAN MADE OBSTRUCTION OF ALAMATTI DAM THAT CHOKES THE NATURAL FLOOD PATH OF THE RIVER:
If Karnataka Minister Kharge is  misleading the public on submersion of Sangli during 2005 due to floods in Maharahsra,it is because he is blind to the facts that pre-Alamatti dam  moderate floods were unavoidable natural floods while post Alamatti dam  abnormal floods that aggravated the damaging potential with increased height were caused by the back water afflux due to man-made introduction of a huge 30m high Alamatti dam which seriously obstructed the natural flow regime of the Krishna river.
http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/21/stories/2011022161870600.htm
The science and Technology oriented Chief Minister of Maharashtra Sri.Prithviraj Chavan has rightly expressed concern that the increased height of Alamatti dam will cause flooding of more  villages in Sangli and Kolhapur districts and hence Karnataka must plan to utilize the Krishna water more scientifically and that means by the uses of safer alternative irrigation projects like small dams and barrages instead of storing such enormous quantity of water in a huge reservoir behind the Alamatti dam which is a potential source of great hazard to lakhs of people living downstream of the dam.   If after completion of Alamatti dam upto 519.6m height if the upstream Maharashtra villages did not get flooded it must have been due to failure of monsoon rainfall or because of discharge of more water through the spillway gates of Alamatti dam.  But if the monsoon is very active and prolonged depressions occurred as in October 2009 when all the reservoirs are full and its tributaries are running to full capacity the additional floods caused by torrential rains of prolonged duration the consequential floods will face a huge obstruction in the form of a 35 to 40m high Alamatti dam placed by man in the natural flow regime of the river which causes a massive increase in the build up of water above natural flood level and that will cause abnormal submersion of villages, towns and cities and fertile agriculture fields all along the river and only in Karnataka but also in Kolhapur, Sangli and Satara districts of Maharashtra.  Such man made inundation causes frequent economic losses worth several thousands of crores of rupees and if such losses are considered in making cost benefit analysis the project for raising the height of Alamatti dam automatically becomes economically unviable, ecologically destructive and socially unacceptable for all the people of the Krishna river basin in Karnataka and Maharashtra.  That is why urgent action must be taken to get the environmental Impact Assessment studies made for the expansion project of Alamatti reservoir by increasing the height of the dam as contemplated by Karnataka state for irrigation and hydro power generation.  These scientific and technical studies made by the irrigation experts and environmental experts of GITAM University are presented here for the information of the general public, concerned NGO’s, the engineering experts, the officials and Ministers of the states and Central Government including the Brijesh Kumar Tribunal on Krishna Water Dispute.
NARMADA WATER DISPUTES TRIBUNAL AWARD SPECIFIED THAT BACKWATER LEVELS TO BE CALCULATED BY CWC BASED ON MWL AND NOT FRL OF RESERVOIR
Back Water calculations based on  NARMADA TRIBUNAL Award

Clause XI –  Directions on Submergence, Land Acquisition and Displaced Persons.
Sub - Clause I - Definitions

I (1) : "Land" The expression "land" shall have the same meaning as defined in the Land Acquisition Act,
1894 (thereinafter referred to as the Act) which states "the expression 'land' includes benefits to arise out
of land, and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth."  
 (2) : "Oustee"   An 'oustee' shall mean any person who since at least one year prior to the date of
publication of the notification under Section 4 of the Act, has been ordinarily residing or cultivating land or
carrying on any trade, occupation, or calling or working for gain in the area likely to be submerged
permanently or temporarily.  
 (3) : "Family" (i) A family shall include husband, wife and minor children and other persons dependent on
the head of the family, e.g., widowed mother. (ii) Every major son will be treated as a separate family.  
Sub-Clause II - Lands Which are to be Compulsorily Acquired.  
II (1) : All land below FRL:  Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra shall acquire for Sardar Sarovar Project under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, all lands of private ownership situated below the FRL + 138.68 m (455') of Sardar Sarovar and all interests therein not belonging to the respective States. If on the basis aforesaid,75 per cent or more land of a contiguous holding of any person is required to be compulsorily acquired, such person shall have the option to compel compulsory acquisition of the entire contiguous holding.  
(2) :Buildings and adjoining lands between FRL and above upto backwater effect at MWL:   Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra shall also acquire for Sardar Sarovar Project under the
provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, all buildings with their appurtenant land situated between
FRL + 138.68 m (455') and MWL + 141.21 m (460') as also those affected by the backwater effect
resulting from MWL + 141.21 m (460').  
 (3) CWC must calculate backwater levels in consultation with basin states : The backwater level at the highest flood level in Sardar Sarovar shall be worked out by the Central
Water Commission in consultation with Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

MAHARASHTRA MUST USE  FOLLOWING EXAMPLES ON INCREASED BACKWATER LEVELS IN SANGLI, & KOLHAPUR DISTRICTS  DUE TO INCREASED HEIGHT OF ALAMATTI  FROM 512.2M AS DEMANDED BY STATE TO 519.6 M BY SUPREME COURT
 If Karnataka Minister Kharge is utterly misleading the public on submersion in Maharashtra due to floods caused by Alamatti dam, it is  because he is blind to the facts that pre-Alamatti dam floods were unavoidable natural floods while post Alamatti dam floods aggravate the damaging potential of back water afflux due to man-made 30m high Alamatti dam that  seriously obstructs the natural flow regime of the Krishna river.
http://www.rtiindia.org/forum/68060-rti-happenings-no-guidelines-studying-backwater-impact-dams-cwc.html   [People in 320 villages in the Back water impact area fear flooding during vigorous rainfalls.]
The Science and Technology oriented Chief Minister of Maharashtra Sri.Prithviraj Chavan has rightly expressed concern that the increased height of Alamatti dam will cause flooding of more than 320 villages in Sangli and Kolhapur districts and hence Karnataka must plan to utilize the Krishna water more scientifically and that means by the use of safer alternative irrigation projects like small dams and barrages instead of storing such enormous quantity of water in a huge reservoir behind the Alamatti dam which is a potential hazard, making vulnerable the lives of  lakhs of people living downstream of the dam. 
 With the  completion of Alamatti dam upto 519.6m height if the upstream Maharashtra villages did not get flooded it must have been due to failure of monsoon rainfall or because of discharge of adequate water through the spillway gates of Alamatti dam.  But if the monsoon is very active and prolonged and depressions were to occur as in October 2009 when all the reservoirs are full and its tributaries are running to full capacity there will be a serious problem.  The additional floods caused by torrential rains of prolonged duration will face a huge obstruction in the form of a 35 to 40m high Alamatti dam placed by man in the natural flow regime of the river that causes a massive increase in the build up of water above natural flood level which will cause abnormal submersion of villages, towns and cities and fertile agriculture fields all along the river not only in Karnataka but also in Kolhapur, Sangli and Satara districts of Maharashtra.  Such man made inundation causes frequent economic losses worth several thousands of crores of rupees and if such losses are considered in making cost benefit analysis the project for raising the height of Alamatti dam automatically becomes economically unviable, ecologically destructive and socially unacceptable for all the people. 
That is why urgent action must be taken to get the Environmental Impact Assessment studies made for the expansion project of Alamatti reservoir by increasing the height as contemplated by Karnataka state for irrigation and hydro power generation.  These scientific and technical studies made by the irrigation and environmental experts of GITAM University are presented here for the information of the general public, concerned NGO’s, the engineering experts, the officials and Ministers of the states and Central Government including the Brijesh Kumar Tribunal on Krishna Water Dispute for making a review of the matter.
 
POLAVARAM  BACKWATER AFFLUX  - AP  STATE GOVERNMENT 
Name of the site
Discharge in cusecs
30,00,000
36,00,000
(i) Without Dam:
      Polavaram Dam
      Kunavaram
      Konta

92.07
157.37
158.07

94.88  (28.92)
165.57 (50.46)
166.10 (50.63)
(ii) With Dam (and with different pond levels during
        floods
(a)   Polavaram dam
        Kunavaram
        Konta


140.00
163.80
164.23


140.00 (42.67)
170.09 (51.84)
170.75 (52.04)  
 (b)   Polavaram dam
        Kunavaram
        Konta
145.00
165.85
166.23
145.00 (44.20)
172.03 (52.44)
172.33 (52.53)  
 (c)   Polavaram dam
        Kunavaram
        Konta
150.00
168.23
168.54
150.00 (45.72)
173.97 (53.03)
174.22 (53.10)  
According to para 103 of the Bachawat Tribunal report on Godavari water disputes dt.27-11-1979 the tribunal stated that Andhra Pradesh made necessary flood and backwater calculations for the pre and post project conditions of the Polavaram project a copy of which was sent by AP state by Maharashtra.  The computation on backwater levels clearly show that over a distance of 60 to 65km at Kunavaram the backwater levels increased from 157ft. without a dam to 168ft. with the height of the Polavaram Dam fixed at +150ft. above the mean sea level and this clearly shows that at the flood discharge rate of 30 lakh cusecs the backwater levels increased by more than 10ft. if the Polavaram dam is constructed.  Thus the Maharashtra state Government Engineers, experts and officials and Andhra Pradesh state Engineers , experts and officials are fully aware of the phenomena and facts about the raise of the backwater  levels in the upstream areas of the river due to the placement of an obstruction in the natural flow regime of an open channel or a river like Krishna river. Such calculations should have been made both by Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh engineers and experts for presentation before the tribunal to prove that such backwater affluxes will cause serious injury to the human and animal populations and the properties of people in the form of crops, buildings and infrastructure facilities. 
POLAVARAM PROJECT – BACKWATER PROFILE CALCULATIONS
Name of the site
Discharge in Cumecs
85,000
(30 lakh cusecs)
1,02,000
(36 lakh cusecs)
1,36,200
(48 lakh cusecs)
1,54,300
(54lakh cusecs)
i) Without dam

   Polavaram
28.06m (92.07ft)
28.92m (94.88ft)
30.6m (100.48ft)
31.5m(103.20ft)
   Kunavaram
47.9 m (157.2 ft)
50.5m (165.8ft)
54.57m(179.0ft)
55.68m(182.7ft)
   Konta
48.18m(158.1ft)
50.63m(166.1ft)


   Bhadrachalam
54.23m(177.9ft)
57.09m(187.3ft)
61.76m (202.6 ft)
63.57m(208.6ft)
ii) With the dam (with different pond levels due to floods)
a) Polavaram
42.67m(140ft)
42.67m(140ft)
42.67m(140ft)
42.67m(140ft)
    Kunavaram
50.39m(165.3ft)
52.58m(172.5ft)
56.86m(186.5ft)
58.95m(193.4ft)
    Bhadrachalam
55.38m(181.7ft)
58.04m(190.4ft)
62.89m(206.3ft)
65.16m(213.8ft)
b) Polavaram
45.72m(150ft)
45.72m(150ft)
45.72m(150ft)
45.72m(150ft)
    Kunavaram
52.18m (171.2 ft)
54.18 m(177.8)
58.22m(191.0ft)
60.21m(197.5ft)
    Bhadrachalam
56.40m(185.0ft)
58.93m (193.3)
63.64m(208.8ft)
65.88m(216.1ft)

Note: The above  values are based upon the information from the Bachawat Tribunal Report and the calculations made by the author on the basis of the Advanced Numerical Methods using the Standard-step Method described by K.Subrahmanya in his standard book on flow in open channels.  
The computer based backwater calculations made by the authors used the data presented by the AP State Government to the Bachawat Tribunal for peak flood flow of 30 lakhs cusecs and 36 lakh cusecs and the calculations were extended to cover 48 and 54 lakh cusecs peak floods. Consequently the increased backwater levels with and without the Polavaram dam show that when the Polavaram dam reservoir level is kept at 150ft. the backwater levels touching 157ft. at 30 lakhs cusecs discharge rose to 198ft. at Kunavaram over a distance of about 60 to 65km upstream of the Polavaram dam  and this clearly indicates  that with increased height of Alamatti dam Sangli district located about 250km upstream of Alamatti dam is bound to be frequently drowned by the backwater afflux caused by Alamatti dam resulting in serious threat to lives of lakhs of people and loss of crops in fertile lands in the Western Maharashtra districts amounting to several thousands of crores of worth of properties. 
Chinese Example:  Backwater afflux due to Three Gorges Dam rose by 13m  in cities 200km upstream:
Refer to the findings of the "Experimental Research on the Impact of the 1954 Major Flood on the Chongqing Harbor Reach," which the Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydro-electric Power Research (IWCHPR) released in July, 1988. If the Three Gorges reservoir were required to store flood waters of the magnitude of the 1954 flood and ensure the safety of downstream areas by maintaining a maximum allowable controlled flood discharge at Chenglingji, the water level in the reservoir would increase by six to eight meters in July, and seven to 13 meters in August. This would be a striking increase from normal flood years. The water level at the dam would increase from 145 meters (the flood-control level) to 175 meters, and the backwater level at Chongqing would increase from the normal flood level of 185.3 meters to 198.1 meters, causing a significant increase in sedimentation.It means that the back water levels increased by 13 meters at Chongquing City located about 200 km.upstream of Three Gorges Dam

 
ALMATTI Back water profile Calculations 28-02-2011 (for n=0.05, 45,000 cumecs, 524.25m  stage at Alamatti ,widths varying  from 500m (Sangli ) to 1500 m(Alamatti Dam)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Station
No. Trail
Elv. BL
depth,m
Elv.stage
Width
Area
Discharge
Velocity
Vel.Head
Total H
R
Sf term1
Length(M)
ALMATTI
0
489
35.25
524.25
1500
52875
45000
0.851064
0.036917
524.2869
33.66762
5062500

A to NH218-1
1
491
34
525
1500
51000
45000
0.882353
0.039681
525.0397
32.52551
5062500
25000
A to NH218-2
2
491
33.70164
524.7016
1500
50552.45
45000
0.890165
0.040387
524.742
32.25236
5062500
25000
NH218
3
491
33.70159
524.7016
1500
50552.39
45000
0.890166
0.040387
524.742
32.25232
5062500
25000
N to Res Approach
1
494
30.74
524.74
1500
46110
45000
0.975927
0.048544
524.7885
29.52968
5062500
24000
N to Res Approach
2
494
31.22982
525.2298
1500
46844.74
45000
0.96062
0.047033
525.2769
29.98141
5062500
24000
A Res approach
3
494
31.23064
525.2306
1500
46845.96
45000
0.960595
0.047031
525.2777
29.98216
5062500
24000
Res App to Algur
1
498
27.27
525.27
1000
27270
45000
1.650165
0.138789
525.4088
25.85962
5062500
40000
Res App to Algur
2
498
28.5408
526.5408
1000
28540.8
45000
1.57669
0.126705
526.6675
26.99962
5062500
40000
Res App to Algur
3
498
30.30966
528.3097
1000
30309.66
45000
1.484675
0.112348
528.422
28.57732
5062500
40000
Algur
4
498
30.35573
528.3557
1000
30355.73
45000
1.482422
0.112007
528.4677
28.61827
5062500
40000
Al to Hippargi
1
508
20.46
528.46
750
15345
45000
2.932551
0.438321
528.8983
19.40146
5062500
28000
Al to Hippargi
2
508
22.43919
530.4392
750
16829.4
45000
2.673893
0.364409
530.8036
21.17229
5062500
28000
Al to Hippargi
3
508
27.4155
535.4155
750
20561.62
45000
2.188543
0.244124
535.6596
25.54775
5062500
28000
Hippargi
4
508
28.30184
536.3018
750
21226.38
45000
2.120003
0.229073
536.5309
26.31575
5062500
28000
Hi to Halyal
1
513
23.53
536.53
500
11765
45000
3.824904
0.745662
537.2757
21.50587
5062500
25000
Hi to Halyal
2
513
25.93306
538.9331
500
12966.53
45000
3.470473
0.613873
539.5469
23.49579
5062500
25000
Hi to Halyal
3
513
32.15623
545.1562
500
16078.12
45000
2.798835
0.39926
545.5555
28.49151
5062500
25000
Halyal
4
513
33.46605
546.466
500
16733.02
45000
2.689293
0.368619
546.8347
29.51504
5062500
25000
Ha to Kudichi
1
514
32.83
546.83
500
16415
45000
2.741395
0.38304
547.213
29.0192
5062500
26000
Ha to Kudichi
2
514
33.03349
547.0335
500
16516.75
45000
2.724508
0.378335
547.4118
29.17808
5062500
26000
Ha to Kudichi
3
514
37.15629
551.1563
500
18578.14
45000
2.422201
0.299035
551.4553
32.34849
5062500
26000
Kudichi
4
514
37.4248
551.4248
500
18712.4
45000
2.404822
0.294759
551.7196
32.55182
5062500
26000
Ku to Diggerwadi
1
515
36.72
551.72
500
18360
45000
2.45098
0.306183
552.0262
32.0173
5062500
13000
Ku to Diggerwadi
2
515
33.96069
548.9607
500
16980.34
45000
2.650123
0.357959
549.3186
29.89911
5062500
13000
Old Diggerwadi
3
515
38.43493
553.4349
500
19217.46
45000
2.34162
0.279469
553.7144
33.31334
5062500
13000
Odigg to Shaharpur
1
518
35.71
553.71
500
17855
45000
2.520302
0.323747
554.0337
31.24672
5062500
25000
Odigg to Shaharpur
2
518
36.78487
554.7849
500
18392.44
45000
2.446658
0.305104
555.09
32.06661
5062500
25000
Odigg to Shaharpur
3
518
39.19482
557.1948
500
19597.41
45000
2.296222
0.268738
557.4636
33.88271
5062500
25000
Odigg to Shaharpur
4
518
39.26811
557.2681
500
19634.05
45000
2.291936
0.267736
557.5358
33.93747
5062500
25000
Odigg to Shaharpur
5
518
40.05663
558.0566
500
20028.32
45000
2.246819
0.257298
558.3139
34.52484
5062500
25000
Odigg to Shaharpur
6
518
41.91382
559.9138
500
20956.91
45000
2.147263
0.235002
560.1488
35.89571
5062500
25000
Shaharpur
7
518
42.6414
560.6414
500
21320.7
45000
2.110625
0.227051
560.8685
36.42803
5062500
25000
Shr to Narsobawadi
1
520
40.86
560.86
500
20430
45000
2.202643
0.24728
561.1073
35.11999
5062500
10000
Shr to Narsobawadi
2
520
38.49415
558.4941
500
19247.07
45000
2.338018
0.27861
558.7728
33.35782
5062500
10000
Narsobawadi
3
520
41.87595
561.876
500
20937.98
45000
2.149205
0.235427
562.1114
35.86794
5062500
10000
Nar to Ankali
1
525
37.11
562.11
500
18555
45000
2.425222
0.299781
562.4098
32.3134
5062500
27000
Nar to Ankali
2
525
38.57211
563.5721
500
19286.06
45000
2.333292
0.277485
563.8496
33.41636
5062500
27000
Ankali
3
525
40.49566
565.4957
500
20247.83
45000
2.22246
0.25175
565.7474
34.85048
5062500
27000
Ank to Sangli
1
528
37.74
565.74
500
18870
45000
2.384738
0.289856
566.0299
32.79002
5062500
10000
Ank to Sangli
2
528
35.62464
563.6246
500
17812.32
45000
2.526341
0.325301
563.9499
31.18135
5062500
10000
Sangli
3
528
39.02538
567.0254
500
19512.69
45000
2.306192
0.271076
567.2965
33.75601
5062500
18000

Note:  A second analysis for backwater curve was also made by assuming that when massive floods occur for a number of days the flood water over steps the bank and is contained in a larger width than that of the cross section of the river and for this purpose it is assumed that the effect of afflux would create water flow regime with a uniform width of  1500m and the computer aided calculations showed a slight reduction in the stage elevation at Sangli of 546m with the bed level estimated at 528 as per the calculation by standard step method.  The following table presents the backwater levels from the different stations from Alamatti dam .

ALMATTI Back water profile Calculations 26-02-2011 (for n=0.05, 31,000 cumecs, 519.6 m stage near Alamatti dam widths 1500 m)

Station
No. Trail
Elv. BL
depth,m
Elv.stage
Width
Area
Discharge
Velocity
ALMATTI
0
489
30.6
519.6
1500
45900
31000
0.675381
A to NH218-1
1
491
30
521
1500
45000
31000
0.688889
A to NH218-2
2
491
29.12262
520.1226
1500
43683.93
31000
0.709643
NH218
3
491
29.12324
520.1232
1500
43684.86
31000
0.709628
N to Res Approach
1
494
26.15
520.15
1500
39225
31000
0.790312
N to Res Approach
2
494
26.88844
520.8884
1500
40332.66
31000
0.768608
A Res approach
3
494
26.89234
520.8923
1500
40338.51
31000
0.768496
Res App to Algur
1
498
22.92
520.92
1500
34380
31000
0.901687
Res App to Algur
2
498
23.36484
521.3648
1500
35047.26
31000
0.88452
Res App to Algur
3
498
24.53144
522.5314
1500
36797.16
31000
0.842456
Algur
4
498
24.54817
522.5482
1500
36822.26
31000
0.841882
Al to Hippargi
1
508
14.58
522.58
1500
21870
31000
1.417467
Al to Hippargi
2
508
15.70304
523.703
1500
23554.55
31000
1.316094
Al to Hippargi
3
508
18.46472
526.4647
1500
27697.07
31000
1.119252
Hippargi
4
508
18.78958
526.7896
1500
28184.38
31000
1.0999
Hi to Halyal
1
513
13.85
526.85
1500
20775
31000
1.492178
Hi to Halyal
2
513
14.99951
527.9995
1500
22499.26
31000
1.377823
Hi to Halyal
3
513
18.13761
531.1376
1500
27206.42
31000
1.139437
Halyal
4
513
18.63579
531.6358
1500
27953.68
31000
1.108977
Ha to Kudichi
1
514
17.69
531.69
1500
26535
31000
1.168268
Ha to Kudichi
2
514
17.93614
531.9361
1500
26904.2
31000
1.152236
Ha to Kudichi
3
514
20.16269
534.1627
1500
30244.03
31000
1.024996
Ha to Kudichi
4
514
20.28896
534.289
1500
30433.44
31000
1.018616
Ha to Kudichi
5
514
20.43942
534.4394
1500
30659.14
31000
1.011118
Ha to Kudichi
6
514
21.93548
535.9355
1500
32903.22
31000
0.942157
Kudichi
7
514
22.06403
536.064
1500
33096.05
31000
0.936668
Ku to Diggerwadi
1
515
21.1
536.1
1500
31650
31000
0.979463
Ku to Diggerwadi
2
515
18.4081
533.4081
1500
27612.15
31000
1.122694
Old Diggerwadi
3
515
22.03252
537.0325
1500
33048.79
31000
0.938007
Odigg to Shaharpur
1
518
19.07
537.07
1500
28605
31000
1.083727
Odigg to Shaharpur
2
518
18.28779
536.2878
1500
27431.68
31000
1.13008
Odigg to Shaharpur
3
518
20.82552
538.8255
1500
31238.27
31000
0.992372
Odigg to Shaharpur
4
518
20.95507
538.9551
1500
31432.6
31000
0.986237
Odigg to Shaharpur
5
518
20.4062
538.4062
1500
30609.3
31000
1.012764
Odigg to Shaharpur
6
518
22.24491
540.2449
1500
33367.36
31000
0.929052
Shaharpur
7
518
21.95927
539.9593
1500
32938.91
31000
0.941136
Shr to Narsobawadi
1
520
20
540
1500
30000
31000
1.033333
Shr to Narsobawadi
2
520
20.58238
540.5824
1500
30873.56
31000
1.004095
Narsobawadi
3
520
21.00228
541.0023
1500
31503.41
31000
0.98402
Nar to Ankali
1
525
16.05
541.05
1500
24075
31000
1.287643
Nar to Ankali
2
525
17.57806
542.5781
1500
26367.09
31000
1.175708
Ankali
3
525
19.73213
544.7321
1500
29598.19
31000
1.047361
Ank to Sangli
1
528
16.78
544.78
1500
25170
31000
1.231625
Ank to Sangli
2
528
15.10021
543.1002
1500
22650.32
31000
1.368634
Sangli
3
528
18.03571
546.0357
1500
27053.56
31000
1.145875



According to the President of the International Commission on Large Dams, Prof.L.Berga a review of the extreme floods reported on several occassions in large rivers all over the world including the Narmada dam in India  the magnitudeof extreme floods has been presented in the form of nomograms and tables and equations have been formulated and published for being used by other countries in the world.   India is also a member which declared that the country follows these international ICOLD standards for design of dams See the following websites for the full length article  and the nomogram on  the subject by Prof.L.Berga.
https://sites.google.com/site/shivajirao32/polavaramdam-1
Article by President,ICOLD, See Web:  LBergaextremefloods.doc

Based on the International Standards and also ISI Standards the inflow design flood magnitude is estimated for the calculations used for Alamatti Dam Break Analysis and also for calculating the backwater levels.
During September, October 2009 Extreme floods occurred in Krishna river resulting in extensive submersion of lands, villges, towns and cities along the banks of the Krishna river and hence the following graph is very relevant for calculation of peak floods for irrigation design purposes.

ALAMATTI DAM  UPTO  528.8 METERS RAISED IN PARTS  For details see the website:
http://bhujangam.blogspot.com/2011/03/alamatti-dam-upto-5288-meters-raised-in.html









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Born in 1932 at Mudinepalli, near Gudivada, Krishna Dist. Andhra Pradesh, received Bachelors degree in Civil Engg., from Viswesaraiah Engineering College, Banglore (1956) and Masters Degree in Environmental Engineering from Rice university, Houston, Texas, (USA) (1962), Ph.D (Hony). Former Head of the Department of Civil Engineering and principal of College of Engineering, Andhra university.Formerly Hony.Professor in Andhra University,Manonmanian Sundarnar University,JNT University. Fellow of the Institution of Engineers,India Recipient of the University Grants Commissions National Award "Swami Pranavananda Award on Ecology and Environmental Sciences" for the year 1991. Recipient of Sivananda Eminent Citizen Award for 2002 by Sanathana Dharma Charitable Trust, Andhra Pradesh state. Presently Working as Director, centre for Environmental Studies, GITAM University, http://www.geocities.com/prof_shivajirao/resume.html http://www.eoearth.org/contributor/Shivaji.rao